This article studies five major classical Hollywood films: psycho, Casablanca, double indemnity, the apartment and the searchers and ratiocinates that in this era of cinema history, directors conform with a series of principles, procedures and protocols in order to start the films and also describes that these principles are based on philosophical theories of human minds ways of REASONING. This article argues that Hollywood studios utilized philosophy to develop a set of principles known as law of Ws. In this law W refers to four questions that should be answered in the beginning sequence and which are: where, when, who and what. This law committed directors to introduce four elements in the beginning sequence in order to orient the audience into the story. This article is to examine the philosophical value of this law with Aristotle’s views on inductive REASONING and deductive REASONING. Aristotle is the first philosopher who organized logical concepts. He introduced two major methods of REASONING for human mind. First method is deductive REASONING. To reach a reliable conclusion, Deductive REASONING starts with a primary term and uses a secondary term which is smaller than the first one to provide the groundwork for achieving the result. In this way the results are the subset of the primary prelude, hence if the primary and the secondary terms are valid, the result would have no defects. The second method is CONDUCTIVE REASONING. On the other hand CONDUCTIVE REASONING starts with small logical terms and ends up with a general result that surpasses the enormity of the preliminary terms; hence the result may have some defects. Plan by plan analysis of the beginning sequence and sketching a plan-time diagram of all four elements of the law of Ws for the selected films shows a very interesting similarity. This diagram shows that in all five films four elements are introduced. Location is the first one then time of the event, the main character and the story of the film. Further analysis shows that the ways each element is introduced are the same in all five films. All diagrams for every film have a similar slope. It means that the size of the plans through time decreases. For introducing the location where the story is happening directors use a long shot of where it’s happening and step by step the size of the plan decreases to details of the location. For introducing the main character all directors start with a long shot of the character or in the case of the searchers with a very long shot of a man approaching a cottage in the middle of a desert. John ford’s choice of plans is very similar to other director when they introduce their main character. This indicates that classical Hollywood decoupage could be a cinematic representation of Aristotle’s deductive REASONING. The purpose of this article is to analyze the beginning sequence of these five films to demonstrate law of Ws and to prove this law’s conformity with Aristotle’s theories.

One of the disagreeable character traits found in some individuals is their mistake in their unanalyzed comparisons they make due to the apparent similarities existing between two individuals or two phenomenon, and as a result influences their unacceptable judgments.This concept in Maulana's Mathnavi sometimes is applicable in a full story like the story of the Grocer and the Parrot; the individual's mistake sometimes manifests itself amidst other materials. The mistake reaches the point that if they expect a difference between the Holy Prophet and others, this difference is in their food and sleep and other worldly indications referred to even in the Holy Koran; in any case, probably the summary and the gist of the subject can be best found in Mathnavi's beautiful and famous verse that is: Kare nikan ra ghias az khod magir/ garcheh bashad dar neveshtan "shir" shirThe word "shir" is ambiguous in that it means "lion" and "milk".

The methodology of social sciences has always been a matter of much controversy, and it probably will remain so in the foreseeable future. The debate on the method and nature of these sciences is a corollary of their historical development: it began early, as they evolved and rose to prominence. The most important methodological issue in this field was the question of the extent social and physical sciences could be considered similar or different. In philosophy of social sciences a dualistic version maintains that the method of argumentation in these sciences is "natural REASONING". The location of natural REASONING is somewhere between the customary persuasion method and law-like verification method. Natural REASONING depends upon "natural language" more than formalization. It is being said that within such a space, social sciences afford neither falsification nor generalization. Such a claim is perhaps less disputable in political science and anthropology than it is in sociology and economics. Nonetheless, the hard shell of this claim Govers all human and social sciences. This claim amounts to a theory which holds on a fundamental duality of method in human and non-human sciences.The present article seeks exposition and interpretation of such an idea of duality. It looks at its foundations, contents, implications, and presents a cursory criticism of it. Framed within a philosophical analysis and a comparative method, the author will defend the idea that a hardliner dualism is not viable versus a methodological pluralism which does not deny the unity of genus science.

CONDUCTIVE membranes show many benefits including fouling reduction for feeds containing ionic species. These membranes may be prepared either by CONDUCTIVE polymers or coating of the surfaces of non-CONDUCTIVE membranes with CONDUCTIVE polymer. In this research, the commercial microfiltration GVHP membrane manufactured from PVDF was coated with polypyrrole using two different techniques. The conductivity of the prepared membranes was measured. In this paper, effects of various factors including concentration of the solutions, oxidizing agents, time for leaving the support in the solutions, support type and temperature on membrane conductivity were investigated.

The synthesis of polyaniline/single-wall nanotube, polyaniline/multi-wall nanotube and polyaniline/single-wall nanotube/graphen nanosheets nanocomposites by in situ polymerization are reported in this study. The substrates were treated with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid before usage to functionalize with carboxylic and hydroxyl groups. Aniline monomers are adsorbed and polymerized on the surface of these fillers. Structural analysis using scanning electron microscopy showed that nanomaterials dispersed into polymer matrix and made tubular structures with diameters several tens to hundreds nanometers depending on the polyaniline content. These nanocomposites can be used for production of excellent electrode materials applications in high-performance supercapacitors.

Intrinsically CONDUCTIVE polymers (ICPs) are the polymers with structures including conjugated double bonds in their backbones which have low electrical conductivity naturally. Electrical conductivity of these materials that in some cases are comparatively with conductivity of metals could be raised significantly with the assistance of special reagents. Doped polyacetylenes are the polymers with proper electrical conductivity, but their commercialization due to relatively difficult processing and intrinsically instability is encounter with various problems. Polyurethanes are one of the best modifiers to ICPs features because of their excellent mechanical, physical and chemical properties. This can be obtained through common blending with CONDUCTIVE polymer or to introduce polyacetylene structure in to polyurethane backbone by chemical modification.